The effect of bipolar effective disorder and low socio-economic status on juvenile delinquents in Pakistan

Abstract

Bipolar disorder remains a significant taboo in Pakistan, particularly among juvenile delinquents, leading to their social segregation. The prevalence of this mood disorder in Pakistani youth is concerning, largely due to limited awareness and inadequate mental health resources for children and adolescents. Economic instability, family conflict, and lack of access to care contribute to chronic stress, delaying the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder. This study aimed to explore the relationship between socio-economic status and bipolar disorder in juvenile offenders, focusing on the role of social support. We included 220 children, aged 12 to 18, diagnosed with severe bipolar disorder. Most lived with both biological parents, while some were in single-parent households due to separation or loss. Our findings indicated that low socio-economic status significantly impacts mental health and personality development. Factors such as financial instability, inadequate housing, and lack of access to quality healthcare increase feelings of inferiority, leading to higher rates of bipolar disorder. Notably, 88.4% of participants exhibited extreme symptoms, with a higher prevalence in males (55%) than females (29%). The delinquency rate was significant, with 56% of boys and 32% of girls involved in criminal activities. These results suggest a strong correlation between low socio-economic status and the severity of bipolar disorder in juvenile delinquents. Many young individuals resort to crime due to unmet basic needs, reinforcing the idea that socio-economic challenges directly influence mental health outcomes. Overall, these findings underscore the urgent need for improved mental health care and support for vulnerable youth in Pakistan.