The Role of Self-Efficacy in Reducing Unemployment: A Field Study on Women in Indonesia
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Abstract
Women still face significant challenges in many societies in achieving equal opportunities in employment. Despite efforts, substantial disparities persist between males and females in unemployment rates. Accordingly, this study aimed to examine the relationship between self-efficacy and unemployment among women in Indonesia, with a particular focus on Jakarta and Surabaya, using survey data analysis. The study sample consisted of 500 women from diverse age, educational, and professional backgrounds. The findings indicated a moderate level of unemployment among Indonesian women, with noticeable variation in post-graduation employment experiences. The results also showed that higher levels of self-efficacy were associated with stronger abilities in effective interaction and emotional regulation in workplace settings. Furthermore, the analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship at the level of (α = 0.05) between self-efficacy and unemployment. The study highlights the importance of governmental support and institutional collaboration in enhancing women’s access to employment opportunities and strengthening their participation in the economy, thereby contributing to sustainable development and broader social progress. Future research is recommended to examine this relationship using larger and more diverse samples across different regions and cultural contexts, as well as to explore additional variables such as institutional support, social norms, and psychological well-being, in order to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing women’s employment outcomes.
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